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Sudanese Civil WarSudan's civil war began in April 2023 when fighting erupted between the Sudanese Armed Forces and Rapid Support Forces, displacing millions and devastating cities and communities.SudanSudan is a northeastern African country along the Nile, independent since 1956. Military rule, civil wars and political transitions have shaped its modern history; since 2023, fighting between the Sudanese Armed Forces and Rapid Support Forces has caused mass displacement and a severe humanitarian crisis.Rapid Support ForcesThe Rapid Support Forces are a Sudanese paramilitary organization formed in 2013 from militia networks active in Darfur. Led by Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, the force became a rival center of power and entered a devastating war with Sudan’s regular army in 2023.Ottoman EmpireThe Ottoman Empire was a multiethnic state founded in Anatolia around 1299 that governed territories across southeastern Europe, western Asia and North Africa until its dissolution after the First World War.KhartoumKhartoum is the capital of Sudan, situated at the confluence of the White Nile and Blue Nile. Founded in the nineteenth century, it became the country’s administrative, commercial and educational centre and has experienced repeated political upheaval and conflict.ArabsArabs are a diverse ethnolinguistic group linked by Arabic language, shared cultural traditions and historical connections across the Middle East and North Africa.Arab LeagueThe Arab League is a regional organization founded in 1945 to coordinate policy among Arab states. Its 22 members cooperate through a Council, Secretariat General and specialized agencies, while retaining national sovereignty over implementation.Abraham AccordsThe Abraham Accords are agreements beginning in 2020 that normalized relations between Israel and several Arab states, expanding diplomacy, trade and security cooperation.
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